Some TLD operators have DNS entries of type "A" directly on their DNS, so these are the shortest possible URLs in the Internet. I wrote a small program in just ten minutes that finds all of them using a list from IANA:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.IO;
namespace TldDns
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
WebClient wc = new WebClient();
string TldList = "http://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt";
string[] allTlds;
using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(wc.OpenRead(TldList)))
{
allTlds = sr.ReadToEnd().Split('\n');
}
int cnt = 0;
IPAddress[] addresses;
foreach (string tld in allTlds)
{
if (cnt > 0)
{
try
{
addresses = Dns.GetHostAddresses(tld + ".");
if (addresses.Length > 0)
{
Console.WriteLine("Entries for {0}", tld);
foreach (IPAddress address in addresses)
{
Console.WriteLine(" " + address.ToString());
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Quering host entry for {0} caused an error.", tld);
}
}
cnt++;
}
Console.WriteLine("\nFinished.");
Console.ReadKey(true);
}
}
}
Unfortunately, if a domain has no A entry, Dns.GetHostAddresses throws an exception which slows execution down dramatically. The programs needs about 15 minutes (!) on my PC to run.
Here are the TLDs I found and if a web site is available too (having an A entry doesn't necessarly mean that a web server runs on that address):
http://ac/
http://ai/
cm (points to 195.24.205.60, no web site available)
http://dk/
gg (points to 87.117.196.80, no web site available)
http://io/
je (points to 193.223.78.212, no web site available)
kh (points to 203.223.32.21, no web site available)
ph (points to 203.119.4.7, no web site available)
http://pn/ (404?)
http://sh/ (forwards to http://www.nic.sh/)
tk (points to 217.119.57.22, no web site available)
http://tm/
to (points to 216.74.32.107, no web site available)
http://uz/
vi (points to 193.0.0.198, no web site available)
http://ws/ (forwards to http://www.website.ws/)
XN--O3CW4H (that's a IDN in some non-ASCII coding)
Interesting, isn't it? :-)
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